Pointing is an essential aspect of masonry work, particularly in brickwork and stonework. It involves applying mortar to the joints between bricks or stones, which not only strengthens the structure but also enhances its appearance. Different types of pointing techniques are used based on the structure type, desired finish, and the type of masonry used. In this blog, we’ll cover the six main types of pointing, and how each method is applied, along with their advantages. Let’s explore each type in detail.
What is Pointing?
Pointing is the process of filling and finishing the joints in masonry structures. It plays a vital role in both the aesthetic and functional aspects of a wall. By choosing the correct type of pointing, you can ensure that your masonry work is durable and visually appealing. Moreover, pointing helps protect the structure from moisture penetration, which is crucial for long-term maintenance.
1. Flush Pointing
Flush pointing is the simplest and most commonly used method. In this type, the mortar is filled into the raked joints and finished flush with the wall surface, giving a smooth and levelled look.
- Application: The mortar is pressed firmly into the joints, ensuring no gaps are left. Then, the surface is trimmed with a trowel and straight edge to match the surrounding bricks or stones.
- Benefits: Flush pointing prevents water and dust accumulation in the joints, making it ideal for areas exposed to weather.
- IS Code Reference: As per IS 2250: 1981 (Indian Standard for mortar specification in masonry), this type of pointing is suitable for general wall constructions.
2. Cut, Weathered, or Struck Pointing
Cut or weathered pointing, also called struck pointing, involves sloping the mortar from the top edge of the joint to the bottom edge. This type creates a distinct slant, which helps direct water away from the masonry joints.
- Application: After pressing the mortar into the joints, a pointing tool is used to slope the top of the horizontal joints by around 3-6 mm, depending on the required angle.
- Benefits: This type offers better water resistance as the sloping surface allows rainwater to flow down easily. It’s also a popular choice for walls exposed to severe weather conditions.
- IS Code Reference: IS 1661: 1972 (Code of practice for application of cement and cement-lime plaster) outlines the general procedures for pointing.
3. Keyed or Grooved Pointing
Keyed or grooved pointing is achieved by pressing the mortar flush with the wall and then creating a groove along the center line of the horizontal and vertical joints. The groove is typically formed with a small steel rod, around 6 mm in diameter.
- Application: Mortar is pressed into the joints, and a small steel rod is used to create a groove along the middle of the joint while the mortar is still green.
- Benefits: The groove not only enhances the appearance but also provides a slight depth to the joint, which adds texture to the masonry.
- IS Code Reference: Keyed pointing is in line with IS 1642: 1989, which provides guidelines for construction joints and their finishing in brickwork.
4. V-Grooved Pointing
Similar to keyed pointing, V-grooved pointing features a groove along the center of the mortar joint, but this groove is V-shaped instead of rounded. This technique adds an elegant and decorative effect to the masonry.
- Application: After filling the joints with mortar, a tool with a V-shaped end is run along the joints to create the distinctive V-groove.
- Benefits: This type is particularly suitable for decorative walls and facades, as it adds a strong visual appeal while still offering effective water drainage.
- IS Code Reference: While there are no specific codes for V-grooved pointing, the general guidelines can be referred to in IS 1661: 1972 for cement plaster finishes.
5. Tuck Pointing
Tuck pointing involves filling the joints with mortar flush with the wall surface, followed by the application of raised bands that are uniform in height. Typically, the raised band is about 6 mm high and 10 mm wide.
- Application: Mortar is first filled and smoothed flush with the wall. Once this base layer is dry, thin strips of a different colour are placed along the joints, creating the impression of fine joints within the masonry.
- Benefits: Tuck pointing enhances the appearance of brickwork, creating a neat, clean finish. It’s often used in historic restoration work to make old walls appear well-maintained.
- IS Code Reference: For conservation work, IS 4832: 1969 (Recommendations for the finishing of stone masonry) can be a useful reference, especially for historic masonry techniques like tuck pointing.
6. Beaded Pointing
In beaded pointing, the joints are filled with mortar and a small bead is created along the center line of the joints using a specially designed tool. This creates a rounded, raised line, adding a decorative effect.
- Application: After filling the mortar, a rounded tool is run along the joint while the mortar is still green, creating a bead. This rounded bead protrudes slightly from the surface, enhancing the aesthetic appeal.
- Benefits: Beaded pointing is mostly used for decorative masonry, particularly on buildings where intricate detail is desired.
- IS Code Reference: This technique aligns with IS 1642: 1989, which provides guidelines on the finishing of joints in masonry.
Choosing the Right Pointing Method
The choice of pointing method depends on the structure type, the desired finish, and environmental factors. For instance, flush pointing is ideal for structures in rainy areas due to its weather-resistant properties. Tuck pointing is recommended for decorative purposes or restoration projects, while beaded pointing is great for adding detailed work.
Conclusion🎯
Pointing is crucial in masonry work, not just for structural integrity but also for aesthetic appeal. Each type of pointing has its benefits and applications, and selecting the right one can make a difference in the longevity and look of a wall. Whether you’re working on a new construction project or restoring an old structure, understanding these different pointing types helps you make an informed decision. Always refer to the relevant IS codes for standards and specifications, ensuring that your work meets quality guidelines.