In modern construction, the use of concrete is essential. Two common types used on-site are Reinforced Cement Concrete (RCC) and Plain Cement Concrete (PCC). While both serve important purposes, they differ in composition, strength, and usage. Understanding the difference between RCC and PCC is crucial for engineers, contractors, and even homeowners involved in building projects.
What is RCC?
RCC (Reinforced Cement Concrete) is a combination of concrete and steel reinforcement. Concrete is strong in compression but weak in tension. To improve its tensile strength, steel bars (rebars) are added to the concrete mix. This makes RCC suitable for load-bearing structures such as beams, columns, slabs, and footings.
Composition of RCC:
- Cement
- Sand
- Coarse aggregates
- Water
- Steel reinforcement (mild steel or TMT bars)
What is PCC?
PCC (Plain Cement Concrete) is concrete without any steel reinforcement. It is mainly used as a base layer below structural elements or flooring to provide a level and stable surface. Since it does not resist tension well, it is not used where loads or bending moments are high.
Composition of PCC:
- Cement
- Sand
- Coarse aggregates
- Water
Key Differences Between RCC and PCC
Let’s look at the differences based on various parameters:
| Aspect | RCC (Reinforced Cement Concrete) | PCC (Plain Cement Concrete) |
|---|---|---|
| Reinforcement | Contains steel reinforcement | No reinforcement |
| Strength | Strong in both tension and compression | Strong only in compression |
| Usage | Used for beams, slabs, columns, footings | Used for base layers, flooring, levelling surface |
| Cost | More expensive due to steel | Cheaper than RCC |
| Durability | Highly durable under all loads | Durable only under compression |
| Construction Time | Slightly longer due to steel placement | Faster to lay and set |
| Flexibility | Can take bending, shear, and tensile loads | Cannot resist tensile or bending loads |
| Load-Bearing | Suitable for structural components | Not suitable for load-bearing components |
| Workability | Needs skilled labour and proper vibration | Easy to place and compact |
| Common Grade Used | M20, M25, M30 and above | M5, M7.5, M10, M15 |
Applications of RCC in Construction
RCC plays a major role in India’s construction sector. Due to its strength and flexibility, RCC is commonly used in:
- Multi-storey buildings
- Bridges
- Flyovers
- Water tanks
- Retaining walls
- Foundations
Skilled engineers design RCC using structural analysis based on load, support conditions, and type of structure. The reinforcement is designed using Indian Standards like IS 456:2000 and IS 13920:2016 (for seismic design).
Applications of PCC in Construction
Though PCC is not used for load-bearing structures, it is important for stability and durability. It is commonly used for:
- Base layer for RCC footings
- Pavements
- Flooring
- Levelling coarse ground
- Drains and canals
PCC helps in preventing direct contact of RCC with soil and moisture. It acts as a cushion layer and avoids corrosion of reinforcement in RCC by keeping it away from ground water.
Advantages of RCC
- High strength: Withstands heavy loads.
- Long life: Suitable for permanent structures.
- Fire resistant: Performs well under fire.
- Design flexibility: Can be moulded into various shapes.
Disadvantages of RCC
- Costly: Involves high cost due to steel and skilled labour.
- Time-consuming: Needs time for curing and setting.
- Corrosion: Steel may corrode if not protected well.
Advantages of PCC
- Low cost: Economical option for base layers.
- Simple process: Easy to lay and requires less supervision.
- Fast application: Faster setting and curing than RCC.
Disadvantages of PCC
- Not suitable for tension: Cannot be used in load-bearing parts.
- Limited applications: Mainly for non-structural use.
Which is Better: PCC or RCC?
The answer depends on the purpose.
RCC is better for structural components that must bear load, resist bending, and handle tension.
PCC is better for non-structural uses such as flooring, base bedding, and leveling, where only compressive strength is needed.
So, RCC is stronger and more versatile, while PCC is economical and used for simpler works. One is not better than the other in all aspects — they serve different roles.
What is the Difference Between PCC and RCC Poles?
RCC Poles:
Made with concrete and steel reinforcement.
Used in places where high strength and load resistance is needed, like electric transmission lines.
More durable, resistant to cracking and weather.
PCC Poles:
Made with plain cement concrete (no steel).
Suitable for lighter applications or where cost is a concern.
Less strong and more prone to cracking or damage over time.
In India, RCC poles are more preferred for power distribution due to their higher load-carrying capacity.
What is the Difference Between PPC and RCC?
This is a common confusion:
PPC (Portland Pozzolana Cement) is a type of cement. It contains fly ash, making it more eco-friendly and durable against chemical attacks.
RCC (Reinforced Cement Concrete) is a type of concrete made using any kind of cement (including PPC or OPC) with reinforcement steel.
So, PPC is a material, while RCC is a composite structure. You can make RCC using PPC cement.
IS Code:
PCC work is generally done as per IS 456:2000, and proportions are often followed based on IS 10262:2019 – Concrete Mix Proportioning Guidelines.
Conclusion🎯
Both RCC and PCC have their unique roles in construction. RCC is essential for strength and load-bearing capacity, while PCC provides a strong base and protective layer. Knowing the difference between RCC and PCC helps in choosing the right type of concrete for your construction needs.In Indian construction, RCC is the backbone of structural development, while PCC ensures a solid and level base. Following proper standards and using the right materials ensures safety, durability, and cost-effectiveness in any project.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
1. What does RCC stand for in construction?
RCC stands for Reinforced Cement Concrete, which is concrete mixed with steel reinforcement bars (rebars) to improve its tensile strength.
2. What does PCC stand for in construction?
PCC stands for Plain Cement Concrete, which is a mixture of cement, sand, aggregate, and water without any reinforcement.
3. Which is stronger – RCC or PCC?
RCC is stronger because it combines the compressive strength of concrete with the tensile strength of steel, making it suitable for structural applications.
4. Can PCC be used for load-bearing structures?
No, PCC cannot resist tensile loads and is not suitable for structural or load-bearing elements.
5. Where is PCC used in building construction?
PCC is commonly used as a bedding layer below RCC footings, floors, or pavement to create a stable, level surface.
6. Why is RCC used in columns and beams?
Columns and beams experience both compression and tension. RCC’s steel reinforcement allows it to handle both forces efficiently.
7. Is PPC and RCC the same?
No. PPC (Portland Pozzolana Cement) is a type of cement, while RCC is a structural material made of concrete and steel reinforcement. PPC can be used to prepare RCC.
8. Which IS code governs RCC and PCC construction in India?
Both RCC and PCC fall under IS 456:2000 – Code of Practice for Plain and Reinforced Concrete.
9. What is the grade of concrete used in PCC and RCC?
PCC usually uses M5, M7.5, M10, or M15 grades.
RCC commonly uses M20 and above, like M25 or M30, depending on structural requirements.
10. Can we use PCC poles for electrical transmission?
PCC poles are suitable for lighter loads but are not as strong or durable as RCC poles, which are preferred for major electrical transmission work.